Sunday, 29 November 2015

Wayfinding 1

 Way-finding is spatial problem solving, knowing where you are in a building or environment, knowing where your destination is and how to get to a destination from your present location.  Way-finding is directly linked with orientation, using signage and mapping to direct yourself from your present location to a destination. Orientation is the action of orienting someone or something relative to the points of a compass, map or signage, it is the attempt to determine location of yourself or the location of something.




General signage like these examples above are used in everyday life, to a point were we barely realise we are using them, we follow an arrow to get to are desired destination. These styles of signage, I found, are in city centres which are mainly used for directing to toilets and transport stations such as train stations. While a similar style is used in shops, yet it is not for directing to specific product sections but to the check outs or fitting rooms, most retail shops do not point towards clothing and make people look through until they find there desired destination, this seems like common practice in many retail shops which makes people not question it yet certain stores need a more structured style of navigational signage inside. I like the idea of using different colours which represent different locations.



I looked at irregular styles of way finding, sometimes unconventional styles as I thought these were the most exciting and visually pleasing ones. These Style of directions are still legible and though seem complex are easy to use.
Using a routing style where you follow a certain coloured corridor is a very clever method, it looks very visually pleasing, especially with white surroundings which make these coloured directions stand out and look really bold. The colour schemes which are used are usually basic bright colours which contrast each other well so that the colours do not blend and cannot be confused by one and other.



Hospitals have employed this style for some time, yet different hospitals employ different styles depending on location. Hospitals need to be easily understood and be able to be easily navigated around, this method is clever as it will lead you to your desired destination or at least near to.



Having found the idea of colour coordinated signage very clever, I discovered this train station which used a similar method by colouring the platform numbers which is such a simple effective idea, it is clear and instead of looking for numbers on small signage it is locating colours which then will lead to exact places.
I also found this different style of using light and silhouette to create direction signs, Projecting light onto walls to show where to go. Im not sure if this idea would work all the time it depends on natural lighting and the amount of people within the building, yet visually I think this idea is very creative and can be projected in a range of sizes and locations within a building.





Another artistic style of signage I found was these framed pieces, though the numbers are split up by a few different frames these signs are legible and clear. The signs are all unique in the layout of the frames which when together work to show the floor number and what is on that floor. It is a simple idea over complicated for visual effect.

Tuesday, 17 November 2015

Design Principles - Balance - Study Task 5

Visual Balance
Alignment
grids

Fibonacci & Golden Ratio
Ratio 8:13
Not only design but ratio

1.62
8.13
forms the basis of paper sizes and its principles can be used as a means of achieving balanced designs.

Many ancient cultures from Egyptians to greeks used this thinking to gain beautiful designed proportions.

Canons - principles of page layout design used to measure and describe proportions, margins and print are.

Van De Graaf


Tschichold
- Golden Grid
- Octavo

Colour Half tones
Graphic Porn

studio task 5 Canon -

Canons - A general law, rule, principle or criteria of which something is judged.

In this session we looked at some rules of graphic design and a range of canons, we then grouped up with some peers and discussed rules in graphic design, the do's and don'ts of the discipline, guidelines all designers should follow.

The Rules we got down were;

- Less is more - This point is that you do not have to go to over the top with some designs, the simple routes are often the best, there is no need to be to literal about certain ideas and the simplest ideas are often the most successful.
-Experiment as much as possible - As a designer you should always experiment a wide range of ideas even if the majority are not developed further. These Experiments are very useful and can often help to show the full extent of how you have tackled a brief.
-Research as much as possible and make it influential to designs -  Make sure you research every aspect of the brief and further research, do not be afraid of going over the top with research, it can have a very influential effect on your work, no research is totally useless.
-Use kerning when appropriate- Make sure than when you Kern letterforms you do it correctly and that it is appropriately done, it is easy to kern something into a new form and it be misinterpreted.
 -Don't centralise type, if you do, Justify it - Centralising type is confusing and can look odd, it is much more difficult to interpret compared to left hand and people struggle with it as its legibility is not clear.
-Follow any appropriate grids when necessary - Grids are important to the layout of a piece of work and if you do not follow one, your work could end up being unclear and look scruffy, a grid gives work a feel off class and professionalism.

With these rules, I shall be able to progress further in my discipline as a designer. They are simple, clear guidelines which all designers should follow to keep there work relevant, clean and professional. These are rules I will follow myself, other designers will have other rules and I will pick up new rules and ideologies while I grow as a designer.

Sunday, 15 November 2015

Typography Evaluation

When I was first briefed on the task and was given the adjective 'Shy', which my type would be based on I had many ideas of how I could do this, my intention was to create a small subtle type which holds the characteristics which represents 'shy'. I wanted to create a type which could be used on movie posters and also book design, with this in mind I needed the typeface to remain legible and clear in a number of sizes. I used the skills which I had acquired in my studio tasks on kerning, grid systems, and more I was confident when beginning this task. Having the task of using just one of 9 typefaces as a starting point for my own typeface, these 9 are Muller-Brockmanns chosen 9 typefaces which are the most important in his opinion to graphic designers. 

I looked at just a few of these typefaces, narrowing down the 9 to 2, Caslon and Bodoni, I looked deeply into both of these so that I could make an informed decision on which of these to decide to use. I decided on Caslon due to its softer form and the way I felt it could be edited to the form I want to create that keeps to my typeface manifesto which I made at the beginning of the brief. Through my research I found a style of overlapping characters which I attempted in my hand rendered design and then developed digitally, which gave the feel of a hidden element behind a character, this also gave the sense of overshadowing, just like the characteristics of the being shy.

For the form of each type character of my developed typeface I edited each individual aspect of them. I created a thinner softer form from Caslon, I made sure that each letterform I edited it would be keep the same style as each other letter form, for example the editing I did on the 'b' I would do the same styles to 'd', 'p' and 'q' as they hold similar forms as one and other. The feedback sessions I had gave a positive response to this style of idea, I am glad for this reaction to my work as it showed that my work was going in the correct direction and that my current designs and the research I had found were very informed and the research backed up my design decisions, this was recognisable in my work which my peers said within my feedback.

I asked myself 4 questions which to evaluate my work, these were;

- How effectively does my typeface reflect the adjective shy and why?
- What context can my typeface be used in?
- Do you think my typeface is consistent? Does it work as a set?
- Can you see the sense of shying away within the individual characteristics?

I feel the thin strokes or curves, letter dependant, of each letter form is representative of the adjective shy, this is through muting the boldness of what the type was once, not only thinning sections of the letterforms I have kept some parts as thick as to create a juxtaposition and a feel of overshadowing from the thick strokes over the thin small ones.  I feel my typeface would be used as a type for a film or even a band like I saw being used in my research, it could also be used in book or magazine design and even as I have seen used in advertisements. I feel personally that my typeface is consistent as I kept to the same design style for each letter form so that they all worked as a set, I feel that even when used as a singular word they sit nicely with each other, being visually pleasing and also very legible. I feel that the individual characters can stand alone and still be representative of shy.

These are also the questions which I asked my peers in my final feedback and got a successful response which agreed with my own views on my work. The feedback prompted people to say things which I thought of the work without me saying anything. 

Overall I feel that the typeface I formed was an overall success, all my research and my design ideas were well informed and thought out, I feel I have met the brief strongly and followed the criteria to create a flowing project where I have generated ideas which reflect influences which I have found within my research and the study tasks I have completed which directly link to this main project. If I was to change anything within the design I would have created a few more well developed designs to contribute more of an idea of depth than I currently have. 

Typography Final Feed Back

For this final critique I prepared 4 questions to ask my peers which would be placed next to my work so that people can write down responses for my work. The questions were;

- How effectively does my typeface reflect my adjective shy? And Why?
-What context can my typeface be used in?
-Do you think my typeface is consistent? Does it work as a set?
-Can you see the sense of shying away within the individual characters?

And the response I got -


  • 'Thin stoke widths, in comparison to thick creates a juxtaposition.'
  • '1. Thin strokes, but presentation not appropriate'
  • '2. Book titles, preferably display type, but could be used for body text in a large size.'
  • '4. yes, due to the weight difference.'

  • '1. Its almost as if certain strokes are shying away which is effective.'
  • '3. Yes it works well as a set because the adjustments to each letterforms are consistent.'
  • '4. yes certain parts of the letters appear as though they are shying away due to how thin the strokes are.'

  • '1. I think the shading works well and helps portray 'shy'.'
  • '2. I think it would work well as a display font.'
  • '3. Very consistent.'
  • '4. Yes because of the contrast in thickness.'

  • '1. Yes because of the differentiating stem width which reflects the "Hiding Behind" idea. By having the contrast rather than all of it thin, it shows the typeface being scared. Like it is in on itself because of its shyness.'
  • '2. Book covers. Children Books.
  • '3. Yes theres a clear decision to thin them out certain parts of the letter forms.
  • '4. Yes due to the contrast.'

  • '1. Yes because parts are hidden, its thinner.'
  • '2. Books'
  • '3. Yeah but maybe look at the optical view of the 'P & Q'.'
  • '4. Yes definitely.'

  • '1. It does due to contrasting stems like it is unsure.'
  • '2. Posters, movies or bands.'
  • '3. Yes the same idea is portrayed throughout.'

This feedback has been very positive towards my typeface which is very good, I feel very happy that my work has been a success, I have tried to create something which is easily recognisable and is also easily relatable to the adjective. This feedback will be used to help with the evaluation for the entire brief.

Type Specimen (Grid Systems)

 I created a couple of type specimens to show case my typeface, I created a very simple grid layout influenced by the ones Muller-Brockman would use, I experimented with these and the way my type would be shown.  I wanted to keep the grid just showing enough for example purposes, I would get rid of it once the type is in a layout. I included the typeface name, my alphabet including numbers and punctuation, a quote based on the adjective and a small description of my type face.

Designs



This design above is a developed type where I have edited each individual character making specific parts of these thinner and sharper than the Caslon type which I started on. This type is sleek and subtle, it represents shy as the thin parts or subtle lines are held back such like a shy person feels in everyday life. I have left thick strokes on the type to represent the overshadowing that a shy person faces through there personality trait, it shadows over them. I continued with creating a typeface only of lowercase letters to make them small and quiet unlike an uppercase which would be seen as loud. I have made sure this type is flowing and works as a set and that similar letters share the same characteristics, keeping to my ideas of subtlety and thin.




Having looked at a few different styles in my hand rendered development work, and getting some positive feedback in the interim crit I decided to look further into the idea of a hidden style type, with a type hidden behind another or aspects of one type hidden behind itself. The type on the left is my first type at the top of the post hidden behind Caslon type, this was a start off to get a feel of what it would look like, and I like the effect it makes it have a feel of a hiding type behind the a main focus, with the type that is hidden I have changed the transparency of to 50%. On the right I have done the exact same yet instead of having Caslon as the main type I have used the type I made and behind that is the same type again in 50% transparency. 
I found out through feedback that this type on the right is quite uneasy to look at its obscure in a way and I feel that does fit into my adjective as a shy person would feel uneasy in certain situations. This idea would would well as a display type in context of a movie poster or book cover, I need to test the legibility out more if I want to develop this idea further.


I attempted to make a simple typeface specimen to see how my design would look in this context, I want to look more into type specimen design especially the Muller-Brockman grid system style which I researched and experimented with, I want to put this type into a Brockman style grid system because the it makes the work look neater and gives it a stylish feel.

Friday, 13 November 2015

Shy Related Research

Quotes -

I wanted to get a quote on my adjective I looked at some well known ones which were actually quotes from famous songs such as;

- "Shyness is nice, and shyness can stop you from doing all the things you'd like to"
which is a quote from The Smiths song 'Ask', this lyric from the song is heavily quoted and shared through blogs and I think it is a nice quote which tells some characteristics of being shy that it is a drawback within a personality.

- "There are many things that I would like to say to you but I don't know how"
A lyric from 'Wonderwall' by Oasis, again another popular blogged quote which I came across, it is interpreted to be related with shy and the drawback of being shy to not be able to say things to people.

I also found some good quotes from literature;

-"Clearly she was expected to say something, but the panic at having to speak stole the thoughts from her head." - Shannon Hale, 'The Goose Girl'

-"One is always half mad when one is shy of people." - Robert Walser 'Jakob von Gunten

Both these quotes again say a lot about the characteristics of the adjective shy. Hopefully when these quotes are written using my type the feeling can be put through not only the quote but the look and style of the characters.


Colours - 


I found these colour palettes which were related to shy, they all consist of glum muted colours including greys whites and even autumnal colours like a muted orange and brown. I intend to use one of these colours or one palette when creating my type specimen. These colours will also be considered if I create a piece of work to show off my work.




Type research

Type -



Having looked at the origins of my adjective, shy, I decided to look more at its origins and see what else there is to find. I looked at Germanic type which is also known as 'Fractur' or 'Gothic' which is the term applied to blackletter typefaces or broken script, these types are normally calligraphy style, these letter forms are very artistic and were used a lot in old literature, being a commonly used type within German speaking countries and soon this type spread in popularity over europe for some time until most of the continent switched to Antiqua, a similar but much simpler clearer type, yet German speakers kept to the Fraktur style for the centuries time.
    Having looked at a number of variations of Fractur I realised that only some aspects of these styles could be incorporated into a typeface based on 'shy'. These styles are very bold and brash, the purpose of them are mainly decorative, especially in modern standards they represent old languages and cultures, they have very little relevance in todays life.


    My type-

    For my type I have decided to use a serif font because it has more constraints than a san serif font, and a shy person would usually feel like they are constrained and held back, serif fonts give less freedom and I feel that by using serif it can be an element to put across for shy. I also want to use serif to try out some elements of the Fractur style on a typeface.

    I have decided to look into Caslon and Bodoni as start off fonts, firstly looking at there uses and design qualities in further depth.


    Caslon -

    I looked at Caslon and really liked its simplistic design and form and its legibility in a range of sizes, it can be altered and still understood. Its sleek design makes it a very nice looking type, I feel it could be an interesting type to use for shy as its bold sharp serifs make it constrained like my adjectives characteristics.
    I looked at the structure of the lettering looking at the thickness of the vertical parts of the type and the way the curves go very thin. The serifs are quite thick on the type but that can add to my idea of constraining the text. I feel that I could work well using this type, the design in each character is precise and attractive.




    I looked at the different uses of Caslon and found these already slightly edited versions of the type face in use, both for magazines, I like the way the type has had sections of it thinned, I could look more into this by experimenting with the width of line in the type, this can represent my type through parts shying away sections of the type hidden or kept small, it could also represent shrinking feeling that a shy person would feel in a situation they are uncomfortable with. 



I found this piece of art which used all the characters of the alphabet in Caslon, the different coloured overlapping piece is really vibrant and interesting, I would like to attempt something like this to showcase my work. I shall look more into colours which can be related to my adjective.



Bodoni - 

Bodoni has a bold striking design which is widely used in magazines, and in advertisements. This serif font is thick and clear with some aspects of singular characters being thin which makes it clearer and visually pleasing. This characteristic of Bodoni is something I can relate to my adjective, similar to Caslon I can do aspects of each letter hiding away or very thin to give the the feel of shy next to bold, overshadowing aspects of the type yet remaining legible.

I looked at Bodoni being used and found many print media forms using the type. Above I found this advert in a magazine which is advertising Russian vodka, the Bodoni type gives this advert a simple feel of class and a clear legible look that does not take any focus away from the image or main topic of the advert. This type works well in this context especially with the slightly tighter kerning within this advert I feel that this is a sucessful use of kerning, keeping legibility and keeping class.





I feel this type is classy and legible but possibly too bold for the adjective shy, I want to use aspects of this type such as thinning certain strokes, curves and bridges as I have explained to create a shying effect on singular characters, I want to mute it in a sense yet also keep it legible and visually pleasing.


type specimens





Type Specimens - 


Type specimens are used to showcase and give a small background to the type it is showing, usually quoting something which is relevant to the type. For example I will include a quote on shy within mine, within my type specimen, I will also look at expressing some parts louder than others to make them stand out more like the piece above which has enlarged the punctation to show it clearly. I like this clearness of both these type specimens, it is clear there is a grid in place which they are keeping to, In my type specimen I shall do this too.


Muller-Brockman -

Josef Muller-Brockman was a Swiss graphic designer who is well known for his simple styles and use of type which is known as Swiss design, which  still heavily influences designers today. Swiss style often follows a grid set up, a layout which the designer creates and works within, Muller-Brockman came up with this method so that there was a clean composed set up in his work, I looked more into the styles which Muller-Brockman used and attempted similar ones myself.


This piece on the left by Muller-Brockman is his most commonly known grid system, it is also one which he uses as a basis for his other grid systems. The Image above, taken from Muller-Brockmans book 'Grid Systems In Graphic Design',  shows a range of styles Brockman uses, he explains how multicolumn and field-based grids can be used flexibly to any number of different layouts in design.



Using Muller-brockmans Iconic grid system I looked at arranging the words he used on his above but changing the arrangement of the letters, I got a good grip of the way they worked not only from this but also the task which I did in my Design skills looking at grid systems in news papers and magazines. I would like to use a similar style of grid system to create a type specimen for my own type.




Tuesday, 10 November 2015

creative skills - Figure and Ground - 10/11/15

Figure and Ground-
The eye differentiates an object from its surrounding area.
Lead the eye.
Figure = positive shape.

Everything that isn't a figure is a ground.

White space
blank space negative space between elements of your design.

  • active white space
  • placid white space
Active White space is consciously added to the design for emphasis and structure.
Gives a sense of luxury and lifestyle.

Doesn't always have to be white.


The skinny is a monthly independent cultural magazine based in Manchester. Though the size and the stock ,paper, printed on is the same used as a news paper but the contents within and also the layout makes it clear that this is a magazine. The images used are big and bold and there positioning within the magazine are all thought out and gives sense of a grid being used like one a news paper would use.


The blank space used at the top of the pages left for the title to be put in gives the sense of a magazine as a newspaper wouldn't leave blank space like this, yet it is common practice for magazines the large images used are to entice people into the articles and the type seems second to it being small yet legible enough to read. The magazine also uses extracts which are magnified segments of important texts within the article, this is another technique used to make the article more readable and exciting. 





Another way in which it is clearly a magazine is pages devoted to images to start or follow an article, to emphasis and show a story within, these pages have very little type other than captions of the images and possible a title. These pages hold a lot of black space to create clearer images and a nicer looking spread for the reader, a news paper would not do this style of page.




NME have currently gone through a huge change in there business structure going from a weekly music magazine sold at £2.70 to a free magazine which feels more like a teen tabloid which talks about film and fashion, it has lost a lot of its fan base and is now filled with adverts. It has some similar aspects to 'The Skinny' using a similar cheap news paper stock to be printed on yet it differed from the other magazine as the NME is more aimed at a younger audience, you can see this through the little use of blank space and the images behind the text, it doesn't really have a structure and is confusing to follow. While 'The Skinny' has a much more thought out structure and grid in use, it is clear and legible, the way it is spread out is classy and very easily digested unlike the clunky design used by the NME.





Design experiments




I started off by looking at both Bodoni and Caslon, I decided too hand render some design ideas looking at both upper case and lower case, even though it was my intention to create a typeface which only consisted of lower case, I thought it would be best too look at both to get an idea of each letterform.

I looked at thinning sections of the letters of Bodoni, left, yet I thought the typeface was still too bold to truly represent shy. With the lowercase I attempted to strip the letterforms down to just singular lines but I still thought the form of the letters were to striking for my adjective.




I experimented with Caslon Focussing more on lowercase as, after experimenting with uppercase Bodoni, that uppercase was too strong and bold to represent shy, so I looked overall at lower, experimenting with thinning lines and editing the serifs on each character.  I found that the soft shape of Caslon worked well and would represent my adjective more than Bodoni would, of course I will be editing the letterforms further to make it even more representative of my adjective.
I liked the look of thinning the vertical lines of each character and the way it mutes it just enough to make it seem smaller and still keep legibility that Caslon usually holds.




I liked the look of this style where I have thinned sections of the individual characters, these vertical lines and curves which I have thinned are next to thick sections which are meant to overshadow the thin sections, this style is to show the characteristics of shy, how they would feel overshadowed and small by there personality trait of being shy. I want to continue with this idea when developing, through digital process on Illustrator of Photoshop.








Having looked at a range of uses for Caslon I saw  that American rock band Queens of the stone age have used it on some poster designs, they doubled over the Q at the start of there title with another Q only a thinner one so not to obscure there individual recognisability. I like the style which they have used it feels like there is an element of hiding within the letters, which when you are shy there is a feeling of hiding from the world or hiding yourself from others, this idea could be used on an entire alphabet or even just some individual characters so that the effect is not over killed and only some sections of the alphabet are shy, I would have to consider the legibility and make sure that it is not seen as terrible kerning. I want there to be a key feature in my design which is recognisable as 'Shy'.

Friday, 6 November 2015

Typeface research

Josef Mueller-Brockmann believed that there are 9 typefaces we need in Graphic design, these are : Garamond, Caslon, Baskerville, Bodoni, Clarendon, Berthold, Times, Helvetica, and Univers. There are a mixture of san seriff and seriff typefaces which Brockmann used in his work.
My task is to create a type face which relates to an Adjective, I must use one of these already existing typefaces below as a starting point. The adjective I have to base my type around is 'Shy'.

Type -




I wanted to remind myself of the basics behind typography, remembering these key skills to use within my work. Below is the 9 types which Brockmann said were all the ones graphic designers needed. This list includes three san serif types and 6 serif types I shall look into all of these types individually with a manifesto to each.





Shy -

Origins-

The origins of the word begin in the 17th century with Germanic and Old english text, the word scÄ“oh (for a horse) means easily frightened and in Germanic Scheuen 'Shun', Scheuchen 'Scare'.

Definitions:

-Nervous or timid in the company of other people.

Slow or reluctant to do something.

Having a dislike of or aversion to a specified thing.

(Of an animal) Reluctant to remain in sight of Humans.

- To be short of / Less than.
(He was just 20p shy of a pound)

Before something. 
(He left just shy of his fifth birthday)

-Distrustful.

Characterized by reserve or diffidence.

Tending to avoid contact or familiarity with others; Retiring or reserved.

To avoid engaging in, treating or discussing something.

Synonyms:



Antonym


Types-

I looked at just 6 of the types to get a grasp of the types I Felt would work well and then from this choose one to use as a starting point for my own type. I shall look at Times, Baskerville, Caslon, Helvetica, Bodoni and Garamond.




Baskerville (Above)

Baskerville is a seriff font which is a new design of style typefaces of the times, ones such as Caslon. Bakerville was thicker in parts than other types of the time, it also had sharper serifs. The curved sections are more circular and the characters more regular. Baskerville was a more consistent type in size and form in comparison to the other types of the time. Today Baskerville remains very popular in book design and has had many revivals in modern times such as a bold version.




Bodoni (Bodoni)

Bodoni is a seriff font which is thin and classy, it is heavily used in printed media such as books, news papers and magazines. This type is bold and clear it is very legible and can be used in a number of sizes. Its tall structure means it can be interpreted in a range of ways. Massimo Vignelli claims that this type "is one of the most elegant types ever made".




Garamond (Above) 

Garamond is a serif type which has a contemporary design though a long historic background, being created in the 16th century. It is legible in a number of sizes, weights and languages, it was built to distribute complex information.



Caslon (Above)


Caslon is a seriff type which was designed in the early 18th century by William Caslon, it is a part of a number of serif fonts, which has short ascenders and descenders. The type was created so that more words could be fit into the page whilst giving enough space so that it is legible. 



Helvetica (Above)
 Helvetica is a san serif font which was created to be a neutral type, to not stand for anything so that it could have a range of different uses and not be fixed for one purpose. It was created to be a simple legible type which did not have any interpretations like other types did at the time of its production when serif fonts would be used on most things. Helvetica became a font which could be used on any product. Its slick simple design makes it a good multi platform type.




Times (Above)

Times is a serif font which was created especially for The Times news paper after criticism of there old type, the type was created for the soul purpose of legibility when used in a tabloid, its design is sleek and can be read even in small sizes which it would have been printed in for the newspaper. Times has now moved on to become one of the worlds most used fonts in printed media, through books and magazines.